Fortunately, the last two of our datasets are among the few objective metrics of cognition that contain us. This allows me to place atop the above list…. The first dataset is a meta-analysis of all direct laboratory tests of primate intelligence that involve more than one genera.
As such this acknowledges the importance of comparisons being made when the test conditions were identical. They found that the tests that met their conditions could be pooled into 30 procedures testing 9 different cognitive paradigms.
These involved 24 genera. The placings of some genera were calculated from only a single procedure night monkey, brown lemur, mouse lemur, slow loris, fork-marked lemur, sirili, ruffed lemur , other placements were particularly secure with between 4 and 23 procedures gracile Capuchin, guenon, gorilla, dwarf gibbon, ring-tailed lemur, macaque, chimpanzee, orangutan, squirrel monkey.
Some day I will weight the values of each genera in this dataset accordingly, but for now I weighted all values derived from this meta-analysis as five times more significant than dataset 3 or 4. The second dataset has never been claimed to be superior to the first, yet we have three reasons to use it.
These are: it confirms the existence of a pan-primate general intelligence factor; it covers several genera not covered in the first dataset; and it uses animals in their natural environment, there being reason to believe that the cognitive abilities of primate species are differentially impacted by captivity, and the details of their raising. One complication is that the first paper only examined the gracile genus of Capuchin, but this second one lumps together both gracile and robust species.
This is a problem, since all robust species are tool users, but few gracile species have ever been observed using tools, and those that do use them sparingly. This is hardly surprising since graciles have brains only half the size of robust species. Because this meta-analysis is most effected by the most intelligent behaviours observed, I have applied this figure to the robust genus only Sapajus.
All in all, this dataset still has great utility, and I have given it twice the weighting of those in the third and fourth dataset for my calculations. The third dataset uses a non-linear scale, that is compiled in a way that gives a pseudo-linear result.
A symptom of this is that the lowest theoretically possible z score is That 0. In primates, brain size is a descent proxy for each of those factors, thus it is possible for this metric to be more highly correlated to brain size than it is to either intelligence or body size alone.
This is, however, only a single test, so I can only give it a weighting of 1. The last dataset is simply log absolute brain size. Unfortunately, I have gained most of these values ad hoc, but they are averaged over many sources. The reasons I use brain size as a proxy for intelligence are twofold: in theory, if each neuron is equally active, then brain neuron number should dictate the maximum intelligence of a species, and brain volume reflects that number; and in practice, all the other datasets show that absolute primate brain size explains at least twice as much variance in intelligence as every other considered factor combined.
Widely used in research , the lab rat has been known to find shortcuts, loopholes and escape routes in the laboratory experiments designed by the top scientific minds of our time. In fact, highly trained rats have saved thousands of lives by detecting tuberculosis TB in humans and sniffing out landmines around the world. It takes a rat 30 minutes to check the area of a tennis court for mines, a task that could take a human four days with a metal detector, APOPO says.
And it can check sputum samples for TB in under 20 minutes, while a lab technician might take up to four days using conventional tests. If that wasn't impressive enough, rats can also learn to play hide and seek. Kudos should go to the invertebrate with the strength and skill to screw a lid off a jar! This animal is still poorly understood, but scientists are constantly discovering new and impressive abilities.
Octopuses play, solve problems, navigate through mazes and have respectable short-term memories. But how is an animal that belongs to the same class as the snail capable of such clever feats?
It may be that the combination of strength, agility, curiosity and a lot of brainpower sets the octopus apart from its soft-bodied brethren. An octopus brain is proportionally as large as some mammals' brains, but it displays a high level of organization , which helps it catch its prey and avoid predators.
However, its shape-shifting and camouflage abilities reveal only a fraction of this remarkable creature's brainpower. Although its nervous system includes a central brain, three-fifths of the octopus's nerves are distributed throughout its eight arms which serve as eight mini brains. Well, no wonder it's so smart. A video captured an octopus pulling two halves of a coconut shell , which it later uses as shelter.
The intelligent animal knows the shells will come in handy at a future date. Octopuses show the same smarts when brought into science labs.
Researchers confirmed that octopuses could recognize individual humans despite their wearing identical uniforms. In fact, the animals behaved differently around the person who fed them and the person who touched them with a bristly stick — something we humans would definitely do. Pigeons are abundant in most major cities of North America, but most people think of them as mere pests. However, this ubiquitous bird is actually quite smart. Because pigeons have been the subjects of countless scientific experiments, there is a wealth of knowledge about their intellectual abilities.
For example, pigeons can recognize hundreds of images even after several years have passed. They can also identify themselves in a mirror , be taught to perform a sequence of movements and to discriminate between two paintings — pretty impressive for a common bird. But that's just scratching the surface.
There's a reason pigeons were used by governments and militaries around the world. Before technology progressed, these pigeons carried critical messages back and forth behind enemy lines during both World Wars.
And other pigeons, equipped with tiny cameras, flew over enemy territories to gather information. So, don't be fooled by your neighborhood pigeon pecking at the ground — this animal doesn't have a bird brain; it's a brainy bird. This animal's dogged persistence and impeccable memory have made it the nemesis of gardeners throughout its vast range. Most squirrels display an impressive array of tricks and strategies that help them survive, which researchers believe shows an advanced level of cunning and intellect.
For starters, these clever creatures are essentially woodland animals that have adapted to living alongside humans, eating out of bird-feeders, flower gardens and whatever food might be lying around. If you're a fan of the "Ice Age" films, you know how important an acorn is for Scrat, the saber tooth squirrel. Well, it's no different in real life. So much so that Eastern gray squirrels dig holes, pretend to hide their food in them and run off to other secret places to stash their food.
This is known as deceptive caching, and they do this to confuse potential thieves. Tree squirrels on the other hand, use a technique called "spatial chunking" to sort their nut pile by size, type, and perhaps nutritional value and taste. This helps them find what they want when they get hungry. They are also able to store and cache food for leaner times, and then find their hidden morsels many months later. Despite a reputation for gluttony and poor hygiene, pigs are actually highly intelligent animals.
Both domestic and wild species are known for their ability to adapt to a variety of different ecological conditions. Unlike most other ungulates, which are strictly herbivorous, pigs and their relatives are omnivores with a diet that sometimes includes worms and bugs.
Wherever they have been introduced around the world, pigs tend to out-compete the native species. Though devastating to the native species, this trend is yet another strong indication of pig cleverness. In fact, young piglets can learn to use mirrors to find a path to their hidden food bowl. When researchers placed the food bowl behind a solid barrier, which was only visible in the mirror, seven out of the eight pigs found their food.
Are squirrels as smart as rats? Rodents Are Smart Similarly there have been many studies on squirrel intelligence with several studies indicating that squirrels have excellent memories. As anyone who has ever put up a squirrel proof bird feeder will tell you, squirrels are extremely smart and determined! This debate has two sides, those who side with rats and those who are correct.
Squirrels win in speed, quickness, agility, brashness and trash talking. Researchers found that red squirrels have a range of personalities, from exploratory and aggressive to careful and passive. Researchers at the Kluane Red Squirrel Project found that red squirrels have a range of personalities, from exploratory and aggressive to careful and passive.
The wise domesticated cat. The wild pigeon is an intelligent bird. Squirrel on a tree stump. Rats are great at solving mazes. Smartest invertebrate — the octopus.
Possibly the smartest dog — a border collie.
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