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A round device is placed on the back of Ai's head. Then, the booth is filled with the sound of consistent clicks, about two seconds apart.
Each click is a magnetic pulse disrupting the activity in his visual cortex, blinding him. Just as the pulse blinds him, a shape, such as a diamond or a square, flashes onto a computer screen in front of him.
Ro says that 60 to nearly percent of the time, test subjects report back the shape correctly. Sometimes they're nearly perfect at it," he adds. Ro observes what happens to other areas of Ai's brain during the instant he is blinded and a shape is flashed on the screen.
Here, information from the nasal visual field of the left eye temporal part of the left retina is lost. Damage at site 3: the optic chiasm would be damaged.
In this case, the temporal lateral portions of the visual field would be lost. The crossing fibers are cut in this example. Damage at site 4 and 5: damage to the optic tract 4 or the fiber tract from the lateral geniculate to the cortex 5 can cause identical visual loss. In this case, loss of vision of the right side. According to what had been thought for over a century, the LGN cells should have already degenerated by this stage.
The researchers found that, although the V1 lesions caused the size of the LGN to decrease significantly, the surviving LGN cells about one-third of the original number retained a remarkable level of visual function — regardless of when the lesion occurred.
Most surprisingly, the LGN cells still responded to visual information that came from inside the area of blindness. Their findings also suggest that this cell population could be a promising target for future treatments to restore partial vision following stroke. Next steps: The team will investigate which areas of the brain receive the information sent by the surviving LGN cells, to further understand how this information can be used.
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