OPV doses given before April can count toward a child's U. Doses given after that will not count. Side effects include fever and redness or soreness at the injection site. There is a very small chance of an allergic reaction with any vaccine. IPV may cause mild fever, and soreness and redness where the shot was given for several days. Check with your doctor to see if you can give either acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain or fever and to find out the right dose.
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It looks like your browser does not have JavaScript enabled. Please turn on JavaScript and try again. Vaccines make your immune system stronger. They build antibodies to help prevent diseases. Immunization is safe. It's much safer to get immunized than to get this disease.
Who should get the polio vaccine? Are there other vaccines that protect against polio? Children born before March 1, , who are under age 7 years get this vaccine as part of their primary series. Children also get this vaccine as a booster dose when they are 18 months old. How well does the vaccine work? Where can I get the polio vaccine? You can also contact the public health office in your area to get the vaccine.
Are there side effects from the polio vaccine? How can I manage side effects? Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched in , the number of polio cases worldwide has declined by more than The number of detected WPV1 cases has reached a historic low 33 cases in and in in the last two countries with endemic WPV1 transmission Afghanistan and Pakistan. This decline in polio cases worldwide is attributable primarily to use of the live, attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine OPV in national routine immunization schedules and mass vaccination campaigns.
The success and safety record of OPV use is offset by the rare emergence of genetically divergent vaccine-derived polioviruses VDPVs , whose genetic drift from the parental OPV strains indicates prolonged replication or circulation. In addition, immunodeficiency-associated VDPVs iVDPVs can emerge in persons with primary immunodeficiencies and can replicate and be excreted for years.
To maintain protection from poliovirus type 2 paralysis, OPV-using countries have introduced at least 1 dose of injectable inactivated polio vaccine IPV beginning in Additional information about the polio eradication program is available on the CDC website at www. In the U. The first dose may be given as early as 6 weeks of age. The final dose should be administered at 4 years of age or older, regardless of the number of previous doses, and should be given 6 months or more after the previous dose.
A fourth dose in the routine IPV series is not necessary if the third dose was given at 4 years of age or older and 6 months or more after the previous dose. Infants and children traveling to areas where there has been wild or vaccine-derived poliovirus circulation in the last 12 months should be vaccinated according to the routine schedule. If the routine series cannot be administered within the recommended intervals before protection is needed, an accelerated schedule can be used: 1 the first dose should be given to infants 6 weeks of age and older, 2 the second and third doses should be administered at 4 weeks or more after the previous doses, and 3 the minimum interval between the third and fourth doses is 6 months.
If the age-appropriate series is not completed before departure, the remaining IPV doses to complete a full series should be administered when feasible, at the intervals recommended for the accelerated schedule. If doses are needed while residing in the affected country, the polio vaccine that is available IPV or oral polio vaccine may be administered.
What is the schedule for older children who have not completed their IPV series? If an accelerated schedule is needed, the child should receive two doses separated by at least 4 weeks and a third final dose given at least 6 months after the second dose. Polio vaccine is not routinely administered to U. Should adults get vaccinated against polio? Routine polio vaccination of U. Polio vaccination is recommended for all travelers to countries with wild poliovirus WPV or vaccine-derived poliovirus VDPV circulation.
If 3 doses of IPV cannot be administered within the recommended intervals before protection is needed, the following alternatives are recommended: If more than 8 weeks is available before protection is needed, 3 doses of IPV should be administered at least 4 weeks apart. If less than 8 weeks but more than 4 weeks is available before protection is needed, 2 doses of IPV should be administered at least 4 weeks apart.
If less than 4 weeks is available before protection is needed, a single dose of IPV is recommended. If less than 3 doses are administered, the remaining IPV doses to complete a 3-dose series should be administered when feasible, at the intervals recommended above, if the person remains at increased risk for poliovirus exposure.
If an adult at risk previously received only one or two documented doses of polio vaccine either OPV or IPV , he or she should receive the remaining dose s of IPV, regardless of the interval since the last dose. It is not necessary to restart the vaccination series. Adults who have completed a routine series of polio vaccine are considered to have lifelong immunity to poliomyelitis, but data on duration of immunity are lacking.
For adults, available data do not indicate the need for more than a single lifetime booster dose with IPV. Note: the World Health Organization recommends that countries affected by wild poliovirus or cVDPV outbreaks require residents and long-term 4 weeks or more visitors show proof of polio vaccination before leaving the country.
These recommendations are regularly reviewed and updated. We have an adult who was diagnosed with polio as a child with some residual effects. This adult will be traveling overseas and the CDC travel website recommends a dose of polio vaccine. Should he be vaccinated with polio vaccine even though he had polio in the past?
Immunity to one of the serotypes of polio does not produce significant immunity to the other serotypes. A history of having recovered from polio disease should not be considered evidence of immunity to polio.
It would be appropriate to vaccinate this adult if he will be traveling to an area for which polio vaccination is recommended. Please describe the CDC recommendations for polio vaccination for infants, children, and adults traveling to and from countries affected by wild or vaccine-derived poliovirus. CDC recommends that all travelers to countries affected by wild or circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus cVDPV be vaccinated fully against polio. Adults who were fully vaccinated during childhood should receive an additional single lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine.
The World Health Organization additionally recommends that countries affected by wild poliovirus or cVDPV outbreaks require residents and long-term 4 weeks or more visitors show proof of polio vaccination before leaving the country. A 4-year-old's vaccine records show that she had 4 IPVs, given at 2m, 4m, 6m, and age 2.
Should she have a booster dose? In June, , ACIP updated its recommendations to clarify that an additional dose must be given at age 4 years or older routinely between age 4 and 6 years , even if the child previously received 4 doses either as IPV or as part of a combination vaccine containing IPV. This ACIP recommendation change was not retroactive: it did not apply to children as of its publication on August 7, , who had already received their fourth dose of polio vaccine using the schedule previously considered acceptable.
However, some state school requirements or state immunization registry forecasting algorithms may flag these teens as incompletely immunized according to current rules. If issues arise concerning a child who received 4 doses before August 7, , contact your state immunization program to find out what they advise. Contact information for state immunization managers can be found at www.
We frequently see children mostly from certain foreign countries who have received 6 or more doses of polio vaccine, all administered before 4 years of age. How do we handle this when assessing the child's immunization history? It is common practice in many developing countries to administer oral polio vaccine to children during both routine visits and periodic vaccination campaigns, so a child's record may indicate more than 4 doses.
Some of these doses may not be valid according to the U. Doses are considered valid if written documentation indicates that doses of polio vaccine were given after 6 weeks of age and the vaccine received was listed as IPV, trivalent OPV tOPV or simply "OPV", if the "OPV" was administered before April 1, and not noted as given during a vaccination campaign.
Why is this? Only trivalent polio vaccine doses count as valid for the U. Trivalent OPV ceased to be used globally in April However, OPV doses noted as given during a vaccination campaign do not count as valid because such campaigns may have used monovalent or bivalent OPV. If the history is of a complete series of IPV, at least one dose should be administered on or after 4 years of age and at least 6 months after the previous dose. If a complete series cannot be identified that meets these criteria, then the child should receive as many doses of IPV as needed to complete the U.
Use the date of administration to make a presumptive determination of what type of OPV was received. Only trivalent doses count as valid for the U. Trivalent OPV was used throughout the world before April Doses recorded as bOPV or mOPV, or doses noted on an immunization record as given during a vaccination campaign, do not count as valid doses for the U.
If the dose was administered on or after April 1, , it should not be counted as a valid dose for the U. People younger than age 18 years with doses of OPV that do not count towards the U. See www.
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