This often means no food or drink after midnight. You may receive a medicine a sedative to help you relax before the biopsy. The sedative may make you drowsy. So you will need to have someone drive you home. A bone marrow biopsy may be done on an outpatient basis. This means you go home the same day. Or you may stay in a hospital. A bone marrow biopsy is often done using a pelvic bone, but another bone such as the breastbone may be used. In a child, a leg bone or a bone in the spine vertebra may be used.
Your position may vary depending on the bone that is used. You may be asked to lie on your side or your stomach if the pelvis bone is used. You will feel a needle stick and a brief sting as the provider injects a local anesthetic to numb the area.
A small cut incision may be made over the biopsy site. The biopsy needle will be inserted through the bone and into the bone marrow. A bone marrow aspiration is usually done first. The provider will use a syringe to pull a small liquid sample of the bone marrow cells through the needle. It is common to feel pressure as the needle is pressed into your bone. You will have a pulling feeling when the marrow is removed.
The provider will remove a small, solid piece of bone marrow using a special hollow needle. This is called a core biopsy. The biopsy needle will be removed. Firm pressure will be applied to the biopsy site for a few minutes, until the bleeding has stopped. Once you are home, it is important to keep the biopsy area clean and dry.
Your healthcare provider will give you specific bathing instructions. Bone marrow biopsies are also used in people with blood-related cancers to monitor their treatment, for example, the progress of chemotherapy. A bone marrow biopsy can support the diagnosis or evaluation of many symptoms and medical conditions. Some of these diseases and conditions include:.
Bone marrow is the soft tissue inside most large bones. Myeloid and lymphoid cells, which are two main types of stem cells within the bone marrow, produce the various blood cells.
Myeloid cells create red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Lymphoid cells produce a specific type of white blood cell that is responsible for immunity.
Different components make up blood and have vital roles in maintaining health. Bone marrow makes these components. Red blood cells play a critical role by carrying oxygen throughout the body. White blood cells are essential for helping the body fight infection.
Platelets help stop bleeding by causing blood to clot. A person is likely to be at the appointment for around 30 to 45 minutes in total, with the biopsy itself taking around 10 minutes. Before the bone marrow biopsy, a doctor or other healthcare provider will ask questions to ensure the safest care.
People may wish to prepare a list of questions and their medical history to speed up the process. Bone marrow biopsies carry a risk of bleeding. The medical professional will ask about medications or herbal treatments a person might be taking that could increase this risk, including common pain relievers, such as aspirin , ibuprofen, and naproxen. Anticoagulants or blood thinners may also lead to excessive bleeding. The doctor or healthcare provider will advise on whether to continue taking medications or stop the course before the procedure.
Allergies are also an important concern when having a biopsy. The healthcare provider will ask about any allergies someone may have, especially to anesthetics and latex. A doctor may use an anesthetic during the procedure to numb the pain. People receiving anesthesia may need a friend or family member to drive them home afterward. A bone marrow biopsy usually takes place on an outpatient basis.
However, some people may have the procedure done while staying in a hospital. People will usually experience some pain both during and after the procedure. The level of pain varies between individuals. Abnormal results may be due to cancers of the bone marrow leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, or other cancers. The results may detect the cause of anemia too few red blood cells , abnormal white blood cells, or thrombocytopenia too few platelets.
There may be some bleeding at the puncture site. More serious risks, such as serious bleeding or infection, are very rare. Bates I, Burthem J. Bone marrow biopsy. Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap 7.
Bone marrow aspiration analysis-specimen biopsy, bone marrow iron stain, iron stain, bone marrow. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. Basic examination of blood and bone marrow.
St Louis, MO: Elsevier; chap Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Editorial team. Bone marrow biopsy Biopsy - bone marrow. How the Test is Performed A bone marrow biopsy may be done in the health care provider's office or in a hospital. Marrow is removed in the following steps: If needed, you are given medicine to help you relax.
The provider cleans the skin and injects numbing medicine into the area and surface of the bone. A biopsy needle is inserted into the bone.
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