You are also right in that it has no multiple bonds. If these facts lead to a contradiction, then probably your definition of saturated compounds has a contradiction in itself. Add a comment. Active Oldest Votes. Improve this answer. Glorfindel 1, 4 4 gold badges 16 16 silver badges 25 25 bronze badges. Sign up or log in Sign up using Google. Sign up using Facebook. Sign up using Email and Password.
Post as a guest Name. Unsaturated hydrocarbon have the presence of a double or triple bond while saturated hydrocarbons have single bonds. Methane is a saturated hydrocarbon.
Methanol is an alcohol, not a hydrocarbon. Methylbenzene toluene is a cyclic hydrocarbon based on the benzene ring C6H6 with a methyl group CH3 replacing one of the hydrogens to give C7H8. The benzene ring itself is a rather special kind of hydrocarbon, but is considered to be unsaturated - Therefore, toluene is unsaturated.
The saturated equivalent of benzene is cyclohexane C6H The saturated equivalent of toluene is methylcyclohexane, C7H No one hydrocarbon is ionic, saturated , unsaturated and aromatic all hydrocarbons are covalent compounds. No, it is a saturated hydrocarbon: C2H6 no double, no triple bonds in it.
It has only single bonds. So it is saturated. All cycloalkanes are unsaturated. Propene is an alkene and all the alkenes are unsaturated compounds. Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds, unsaturated hydrocarbons have some double bonds.
Propene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon, because there is a double bond in it. As ethene contains double bond it is considered as unsaturated hydrocarbon. Note-hydrocarbon is said to saturated when it contain C-C single bond and hydrocarbon is said to unsaturated when it has carbon carbon double or triple bonds. Saturated hydrocarbon: Are hydrocarbons that only have single bonds. Unsaturated hydrocarbons: Are hydrocarbons that have double or triple bond. This is the difference.
It is simple when you listen to your teacher. A saturated hydrocarbon contains only single bonds between all the carbon and hydrogen atoms. An unsaturated hydrocarbon contains at least one carbon to carbon double bond.
A cyclic hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon in which the carbon chain joins to itself in a ring. A cycloalkane is a cyclic hydrocarbon in which all of the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds.
Like other alkanes, cycloalkanes are saturated compounds. The simplest cycloalkane is cyclopropane, a three-carbon ring. The structural formulas of cyclic hydrocarbons can be represented in multiple ways, two of which are shown above.
Each atom can be shown as in the structure on the left from the figure above. A convenient shorthand is to omit the element symbols and only show the shape, as in the triangle on the right. Carbon atoms are understood to be the vertices of the triangle.
In order to establish a baseline of behavior against which these reactions may be ranked, we need to investigate the reactivity of compounds lacking any functional groups. Such compounds are necessarily hydrocarbons , made up of chains and rings of carbon atoms bonded to a full complement of hydrogen atoms all carbons are sp 3 hybridized.
Hydrocarbons of this kind are classified as alkanes or cycloalkanes , depending on whether the carbon atoms of the molecule are arranged only in chains or also in rings. Although these hydrocarbons have no functional groups, they constitute the framework on which functional groups are located in other classes of compounds, and provide an ideal starting point for studying and naming organic compounds.
Alkanes and cycloalkanes are termed saturated , because they incorporate the maximum number of hydrogens possible without breaking any carbon-carbon bonds.
They are also members of a larger class of compounds referred to as aliphatic. Simply put, aliphatic compounds are compounds that do not incorporate any unsaturated aromatic rings in their molecular structure. The increasingly large number of organic compounds identified with each passing day, together with the fact that many of these compounds are isomers of other compounds, requires that a systematic nomenclature system be developed.
Just as each distinct compound has a unique molecular structure which can be designated by a structural formula, each compound must be given a characteristic and unique name. Common Names As organic chemistry grew and developed from its early beginnings, many compounds were given trivial names at the time of their discovery. These names have remained in common use, and are widely recognized.
The relationship of these names to each other is usually arbitrary, and no rational or systematic principles underly their assignments. Some examples are:. Common names such as these often have their origin in the history of the science and the natural sources of specific compounds.
The relationship of these names to each other is arbitrary, and no rational or systematic principles underly their assignments. Consequently, common names can only be remembered by repeated use, in much the same way we use nicknames. A rational nomenclature system should do at least two things: First , it should indicate how the carbon atoms of a given compound are bonded together in a characteristic lattice of chains and rings. Second , it should identify and locate any functional groups present in the compound.
Since hydrogen is such a common component of organic compounds, its quantity and location can be assumed from the tetravalency of carbon, and need not be specified in most cases. Knowing these rules and given a structural formula, one should be able to write a unique name for every distinct compound. A root or base indicating a major chain or ring of carbon atoms found in the molecular structure.
A suffix or other element s designating functional groups that may be present in the compound. As an introduction to the IUPAC nomenclature system, we shall first consider the alkanes and cycloalkanes, since these compounds provide the foundation on which the nomenclature of functional groups is built. To use this site Click Here. A common "ane" suffix identifies these compounds as alkanes. Longer chain alkanes are well known, and their names may be found in many reference and text books.
The names methane through decane should be memorized, since they constitute the root of many IUPAC names. Fortunately, common numerical prefixes are used in naming chains of five or more carbon atoms. Some important behavior trends and terminologies: i.
The formulas and structures of these alkanes increase uniformally by a CH 2 increment. A uniform variation of this kind in a series of compounds is called homologous. Beginning with butane C 4 H 10 , and becoming more numerous with larger alkanes, we note the existence of alkane isomers.
For example, there are five C 6 H 14 isomers, shown below as abbreviated line formulas A through E :. Although these distinct compounds all have the same molecular formula, only one A can be called hexane.
How then are we to name the others? The IUPAC system requires first that we have names for simple unbranched chains, as noted above, and second that we have names for simple alkyl groups that may be attached to the chains.
Examples of some common alkyl groups are given in the following table. Note that the "ane" suffix is replaced by " yl " in naming groups. The symbol R is used to designate a generic unspecified alkyl group. Find and name the longest continuous carbon chain.
Identify and name groups attached to this chain. Number the chain consecutively, starting at the end nearest a substituent group. Designate the location of each substituent group by an appropriate number and name. Assemble the name, listing groups in alphabetical order. The prefixes di, tri, tetra etc.
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