Hollywood slick, who cares, support the kids — raise awareness and then start the criticism. It is a simple message which my year-old son sent to me — Hollywood or not, it works!
Maybe Jason Russell's web-based film Kony , calling for international action to stop the Ugandan war criminal Joseph Kony, can't be considered great documentary-making. But as a piece of digital polemic and digital activism, it is quite simply brilliant. It's a slick, high-gloss piece of work, distributed on the Vimeo site, the upscale version of YouTube for serious film-makers. And its sensational, exponential popularity growth on the web is already achieving one of its stated objectives: to make Kony famous, to publicise this psychopathic warlord's grotesque crimes — kidnapping thousands of children and turning them into mercenaries, butchers and rapists.
It does not stick to the conventions of impartial journalism in the BBC style. It is partisan, tactless and very bold. But it could be seen as insufferably condescending, a way of making US college kids feel good about themselves.
And is Jason Russell scared to come out and admit that effective action entails an old-fashioned boots-on-soil invasion of a landlocked African country, with all the collateral damage that this implies? He describes the NGO forum as independent of the government. We had a long conversation but, to be clear, he hasn't at this point seen the film though he does know about Invisible Children and its work in Uganda. From what I know about Invisible Children, it's an international NGO, and it documents the lives of children living in conflict for international campaigning to draw attention to the lives of children in the north.
Six or 10 years ago, this would have been a really effective campaign strategy to get international campaigning. But today, years after Kony has moved away from Uganda, I think campaigning that appeals to these emotions … I'm not sure that's effective for now.
The circumstances in the north have changed. Many NGOs and the government, especially local government in the north, are about rebuilding and securing lives for children, in education, sanitation, health and livelihoods.
International campaigning that doesn't support this agenda is not so useful at this point. We have moved beyond that. There are conflicts in the north — several small conflicts over natural resources. Land is the major issue: after many years of displacement, there is quite a bit of land-related conflict. But many organisations and governments are focusing on this.
We need to secure social stability, health and education. These are the priorities. This is what we're trying to focus on.
Poverty is high compared to the rest of the country. That's the practical issue that needs to be addressed. I don't think this is the best way. It might be an appeal that makes sense in America. But there are more fundamental challenges. Kony has been around for 25 years and over. I don't think in the north at the moment that is really what is most important.
It might be best on the internet and the like but, at the end of the day, there are more pressing things to deal with. If the Americans had wanted to arrest him, they would have done that a long time ago.
They [Invisible Children] are not a member of our forum. Many international organisations prefer to work and have direct contact with their quarters. They don't work so much within the structures we have in the country. There is nothing dramatic about them. They are like any other organisation trying to make a difference. At the moment I think the work of Invisible Children is about appealing to people's emotions. I think that time has passed. Their reputation in the country is something that can be debatable.
There is a strong argument generally about NGOs and their work in the north. It doesn't sound like a fair representation of Uganda. We have challenges within the country, but certainly the perception of a country at war is not accurate at all. There are political, economic and social challenges, but they are complex. Being dramatic about a country at war is not accurate. If the international media want to be helpful especially for the conflict situation, they should exert more time and effort understanding practically what the needs are.
It is fast-changing. The video would have been appealing in the last decade. Now we just need support for the recovery rather than all this international attention on this one point.
Getting the facts right is most important for the international media. That would help the situation as it is. These stats from YouTube show how it has taken off since Monday, where it's being watched and the age profile of those watching. He's been talking to our foreign desk and has just sent this as an addition:.
One salient issue the film totally misses is that the actual geography of today's LRA operations is related to a potentially troubling "resource war". Since , Uganda discovered world class oil fields along its border with DRC. The location of the oil fields has raised the stakes for the Ugandan military and its regional partners, including the US.
While LRA is seen as a mindless evil force, its deceased deputy leader, Vincent Otii, told me once that their fight with President Yoweri Museveni was about "money and oil". This context is relevant because it allows for outsiders to view the LRA issue more objectively within the recent history of violence in the wider region that includes the great Central Africa wars of the 90s, in which groups like LRA were pawns for proxy wars between countries. In LRA's case, its main support came from the Sudanese government in Khartoum and many suspect it still maintains the patronage of Omar el-Bashir, the country's president, himself indicted for war crimes by the ICC.
A reader has emailed in pointing us towards this Facebook page: PhonyKony Uglyflubb and others have been providing some information about the funding of Invisible Children below the line. John Vidal has been looking into this. They call themselves "a movement" seeking to end the conflict in Uganda and stop the abduction of children for use as child soldiers, but behind the slick website and the touchy-feely talk about "changing the course of human history", there's a hard-nosed money-making operation led by US filmmakers and accountants, commuication experts, lobbyists and salespeople.
So far the organisation has released 11 films and run film tours across the US and other countries to raise awareness. In Uganda, it has given scholarships to children, and helped to re-build schools there and in centralo Africa. The organisation's accounts show it's a cash rich operation, which more than tripled its income in , with more than two thirds of its money coming from "general donations".
The great majority of the money raised has been spent in the US. Charity Navigator, a US charity evaluator, gives Invisible Children three out of four stars overall, four stars financially, but only two stars for "accountability and transparency". This would seem to be a vote of no confidence, but it is explained by Noelle Jouglet, communication director of Invisible Children, like this:.
We are currently in the process of interviewing potential board members, and our goal is to add an additional independent member this year in order to regain our 4-star rating by We are aware of this and trying to fix it. The website suggests a staff of around people, with the founders and senior staff mostly drawn from film-making and media industries.
Jason Russell, the ceo and a co-founder, is described as Jason Radical Russell, "our grand storyteller and dreamer". He is said to be "redefining the concept of humanitarian work" and to believe "wholeheartedly in magic and the impossible". He is described as "embracing the impossible and plots the course of our daring future". I did my masters at SOAS last year, focusing on transitional justice.
The court works on a system of complementarity - if Uganda can try him they will be given preference. There is also a lot of academic discussion about whether the in country trials would have to be criminal prosecutions or if alternative justice processes, such as truth commissions, would be acceptable to the ICC.
It might seem like a minor point, but to me it demonstrates a lack of interest on the part of IC on the specifics. And emphasising bringing Kony to the ICC rather than to trial more generally takes the justice process away from Uganda, where complex discussions about what justice would mean about the conflict more generally have been taking place.
I felt a little nauseous watching the film. Couldn't help but feel the director's concern was less about addressing the needs of those affected today by the LRA and the complexities of tackling the rebel group, than as serving as a very slick promotional vehicle for his charity. Sure, it's great to raise awareness of the issue, but efforts need to be made today to help protect people in isolated areas that are vulnerable to attack.
The film never addressed this point. Villagers I interviewed complained why, despite a presence of over UN troops in their village, the UN was consistently failing to protect them there were several deaths in the days before I arrived there. As those in my film explain, the LRA operate in groups or 2 or 3, and attack at random making ordinary life impossible.
According to informed assessments, the LRA number little more than a few hundred and are scattered over an area the size of the UK. No one knows where Kony is, and most of his band operate independently. It'll be a hard nut to crack. And, frankly, I'm struggling to see what difference a mass social media movement can make. On the American Ebay website 1, items come up under a search for "Kony" including keyrings, t shirts, posters and phone covers.
This search shows items for sale on the English version of the site. As far as I can tell from flicking through the sellers, this is not related to the Invisible Children campaign, but seems to be some sort of industry springing up around it. There's no indication that the profits will go to charity. This from Save the Children's director of policy and advocacy, Brendan Cox :. Anything which continues to pressurise world leaders to bring Joseph Kony to justice is to be welcomed.
Joseph Kony's crimes against children are well documented. Murder, recruitment of children as soldiers, mutilation and rape. This viral film shows that even though Joseph Kony is in hiding his crimes will not be forgotten.
Throughout today several people have recommended that I speak with the Ugandan journalist Rosebell Kagumire. She's just posted this response to the Kony campaign hat tip LionelBadal on Twitter and you can read her blog here.
She says: "The war is much more complex than one man called Joseph Kony. During her time there she worked with Invisible Children and she gives a really nuanced views of their work. To verify her relationship with Invisible Children, and her knowledge of the region, Liz sent me a copy of her thesis on "stakeholder perspective on how to holistically support children who have experienced conflict in Northern Uganda", which makes frequent references to her time with the organisation. She said:.
Invisible Children have had a huge impact on the area. They are well respected by other NGOs. I worked alongside them and they were very solutions focused. They didn't sit around talking for too long and checked with experts and that the local people wanted what they were doing. So many organisations stomp in, do what they do and leave.
It was very needs driven. My impression over the past few years is that they've got very shiny and slick. The media campaigning is a different type of work to on the ground project work they do. I think they need to decide whether they go down the route of media campaigns or do project work. The film is very sensationalist about the conflict in Uganda.
But Uganda is in transition. They are in the aftermath of the war. This film will have implications that we can't predict yet. It'll be children who are Kony's bodyguards. Follow invisible. Kony Invisible Children Watch the film. The Here and Now Expanding Our Work The most important thing you need to know about Kony is what it is enabling us to do today to help save lives and end violence in central Africa. Ok, now back to Kony Donate to our programs. Local Peace Committee Development.
Media-Based Community Sensitization. View Our Work. Join Us. The goal Make Him Famous. Kony Captured. Communities Protected. Global Outcry. International Action. Testimony from defected rebels reinforce this data, highlighting how individual LRA commanders have given orders to stop killings.
The LRA is a declining fighting force, Sudanese support has stopped, and morale is eroding. The new priority is simply to survive. Given this context, it is not a surprise that there are fragmented, but consistent, reports of LRA tactics evolving even further to include trading peacefully with local populations.
All of this does not mean the LRA is finished. In , the rebels still abducted people, including dozens of children. As the recent interview with a defector shows, Kony may not want to surrender, but others do — perhaps even his sons, Salim and Ali. Many are discouraged to do this, however, because — according to the defector — they no longer know where their homes are or where they would go.
Others fear retaliation by the local population, regional governments or militaries. Historically, defection messaging played an important role in addressing the LRA threat. For example, Mega FM broadcasts in northern Uganda were often listened to by rebel fighters and the testimonies of former combatants encouraged hundreds to defect. Similar initiatives, often costing little money and implemented by local civil society leaders, also showed success in CAR and DRC in subsequent years.
However, funding for these campaigns has dried up since mid, leading to a predictable outcome: fewer combatants have defected, instead choosing to survive by looting local populations. Our interviews and recent testimony from defectors confirm both the usefulness and urgency of renewing defection messaging. While undermining the LRA from within is not a silver bullet for a region threatened by a complex array of conflicts, it could finally remove one long-standing threat from the lives of tens of thousands of civilians.
African Arguments.
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